How Does Economy Affect The Mexican Economy - 965 Words

The Mexican economy is currently the 15th largest economy in the world with a GDP of $2.2 trillion (â€Å"Index of Economic Freedom†, 2017). In comparison, the United States had a GDP of $18.57 trillion in 2016 (â€Å"United States GPD†, 2017). Fears of a Trump presidency initially caused predictions for a slower GDP growth in 2017, but as fears are eased Mexico’s finance ministry has increased their predictions for the GDP growth to an estimated 1.5% to 2.5% increase for 2017, raised from the previous estimate of 1.3% to 2.3% (Harrup, 2017). The GDP growth rate continues to increase from previous years. In 2015, the GDP was measured at 2.3%, which was a 0.9% increase from 2013 (â€Å"Mexican GDP Growth Rate† 2017). The economy also benefits from free†¦show more content†¦Because of Mexico’s large manufacturing industry, the country produces and exports the same amount of goods as all other Latin American countries combined (Amadeo, 2017). Another dependent factor of Mexico’s economy is tourism. It is the eighth most visited country in the world and ranks number one among visitors to Latin America. A total of 8.9% of the country’s GDP comes from tourism income which is the nation’s fifth biggest source of revenue (Wood, 2017). Tourism also helps create jobs in Mexico, but it is generally confined to a small area of resort towns along the Caribbean coast such as Cancun, the Riviera Maya, and Los Cabos in the Baja Peninsula on the Pacific Ocean coast. The unemployment rate in Mexico is currently at 4.5% which is generally considered low. Mexico splits its criteria to be considered living in poverty into two categories: moderate poverty and extreme poverty. The Mexican government estimates that 33% of its population lives in moderate poverty while 9% live in extreme poverty (â€Å"Mexico†, 2017). Mexican people also face a high degree of income inequality, with the second highest level of any country of economic disparities between the extremely rich and the extremely poor, according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) which measures economic progress and world trade. The richest 1% of the country hold 43% of Mexico’sShow MoreRelatedThe Border Cities Of El Paso And Ciudad Juarez1525 Words   |  7 PagesAlong the Texas/Mexico border there are many border cities, and among the border cities there is a trend that points to an advantage of prosperity on the US side compared to the Mexica n side of the border. The border cities of El Paso and Ciudad Juarez show an example of the US advantage over the Mexican side; El Paso is a Texas city on the Texas/Mexico border, and in 2014 it was the city with the lowest crime rate in the US ; Ciudad Juarez, on the other hand was known as one of the deadliest citiesRead MoreMoney Laundering and Mexican Drug Cartels Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mexican drug cartels have been smuggling drugs across the boarder of Mexico to the United States of America for decades. The Mexican drug cartels are a drug smuggling criminal organization. In other words they run a narcotic drug business. * In my research, I will be discussing about the money being laundered by the Mexican drug cartels from the U.S. to Mexico. The cartels need to launder their money in order to be able to take their drug money back to their country of Mexico. The Mexican drugRead MoreThe Rio Grande Valley, And Immigration1426 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of this research paper is to demonstrate that immigration to the Rio Grande valley has had a negative impact. Effects immigration has on the Valley s economy, employment, and education are discussed. The concepts of informal and underground economy by Richardson, C. and Pisani, M. are covered to demonstrate the unique economy the Rio Grande has. Poverty rates at a national and local level are compared. Studies by Richardson, C. and Pagan, J. are used for their statistical informationRead MoreMass Deportation Of Illegal Immigrants1582 Words   |  7 PagesMass Deportation of Illegal Mexican Immigrants Cannot Solve America’s Immigration Problems. Immigration and deportation reformation has been one of the hot topics in the 2016 election. Many have chosen which candidate to vote for based on their point of view on immigration and deportation matters. Some supported Donald Trump because he promised to deport all illegal immigrants if he becomes president while others supported Hillary Clinton because she was against mass deportation. In most cases, massRead MoreThe Influencs of Mexican Drug Cartels on Every Day Life in Mexico708 Words   |  3 Pages EQ: How have Mexican cartels changed life for the everyday person in Mexico and what can the government do to stop their influence for future generations? The Mexican drug war has been going on for many decades now affecting many generations. Drug trafficking has gain more power by its sinister leaders that maintain power at all cost. This affects how mexico is perceived in the United States and rest of the world. The drug cartels have been taking advantage of Mexicans poor education ratesRead MoreImmigration Is Not New Topic1097 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily immigrated from Michoacà ¡n to Mexico State, some others decided to immigrate to the USA. My generation is the fourth in the USA, my great grand parents came to USA in Braceros program, but my generation is the first to establish USA as their home. How many people do they have similar situation, or a history of migration? In this paper, I will discuss what is missing in â€Å"The immigration equation.† Immigration is a sensitive problem in this country where the majority population has a history of immigrationRead MoreEco 372 Week 5919 Words   |  4 PagesInternational Trade and Finance Speech International Trade and Finance Speech The current state of the U.S. macro economy is made up of a plethora of highly involved processes. I am going to attempt to explain some simple terms and concepts focused on international trade and foreign exchange rates. Foreign Exchange Rates One needs to have a base level understanding of what defines an exchange rate. According to Investopedia, a foreign exchange rate is â€Å"The price of one countrys currencyRead MorePros and Cons of NAFTA Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of the growing global trend towards free trade between countries. The economies of these three countries have been interdependent to a degree for a long time. Because of these reasons, the NAFTA has eliminated almost all tariffs between the US, Canada and Mexico, and helped lessen the difficulties previously imposed upon free trade and investment in North America. In doing so, it has both helped and damaged the economies of its countries. Although it has increased trade in North America, reducedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1672 Words   |  7 Pagespropaganda has won public support for these laws. Only recently, U.S. citizens have started to question why marijuana is illegal. I feel that it would be beneficial to discard these laws and beliefs of the past. We need to analyze how the legalization of marijuana would positively affect the United States and its citizens in the following fields: medical, criminology, and financial. I support the legalization of marijuana not because I use this herb, because I do not and would not even if it was legal muchRead MoreThe Price Of Everything Raises Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesis a choice we have, different elements affect that choice. We might not realize all those outside factors at the time of purchase, but as Alfred Marshall said, prices are always changing, affecting our spending. One of those outside factors is the foreign exchange market. â€Å"The foreign exchange market spans the globe, with prices moving and currencies trading somewhere—every hour of every business day† (Eiteman, Stonehill, Moffett, 2016, p. 119). What does this mean to consumers? It depends on whether

My Favorite Class - 1024 Words

Education, in my eyes, is to learn and be inspired by the knowledge you obtain. School must be a fun place to be in order to grab the attention of the students, or else students would rather be on his or her phone or sleep. My physics teacher, during junior year of high school, is the definition of what school should be. He inspires everyone in the class towards the subject at hand. Due to the inspiration led to knowledge that most people wouldnt have if you run a clock in- clock out outlook. He made the class fun by having group work, labs, class discussion, and experiments that he performed. Mr. Sanfords physics class was my favorite class because the inspiration he gave me, because I am still captured by the subject. Every†¦show more content†¦In a lot of my cases, when people have a question about space and what goes on up there I always have an answer to it. People come to me asking about space facts, and its all because of Mr. Sanford and his physics class. Im to the point where I don’t need a beginners guide on complicated and confusing facts about space, I just know how to interpret that language, because when discussing space it can get complicated. Having the drive to research a topic such as astronomy and all the mysteries that it comes with, really gives you a mindset of researching other thigs as well. I have started researching ancient Egypt, and other anomalous topics, such as the Vatican and all the mysteries that it holds. This desire to know, is all due to Mr. Sanfords class, and ultimately starts very interesting topics with my friends and family. One of the best parts of the class was that it was fun, and that makes school a lot more barrable. At the start of class, Mr. Sanford would play a video or two, which everyone enjoyed. These videos could range from what we were actually learning about, whether it was sound, gravity, or light. Some days he would play us a video of an interesting thing about space research. Most t eachers that play a video people tend to lay their head down and sleep, but in his class, everyone wanted to know what was being said; therefore, everyone paid attention and didnt cause any ruckus. He would also demonstrate physics in action byShow MoreRelatedMy Favorite Class Of The Class764 Words   |  4 Pageslunch bell rings, while most kids’ favorite class of the day is lunch, it is my least favorite. I’ve figured out a way to prevent myself from being pushed around in the halls on the daily since im basically invisible to all of the other kids. Everyone sprints out the door into the hallways while I wait at my desk for about 20 seconds so that by the time I leave the classroom everyone else is already in the cafeteria and out of the halls. I walk to my locker and grab my lunch and book. Everyday I sitRead MoreMy Favorite Class1331 Words   |  6 PagesEver since I could remember, my favorite class as fluctuated from year to year until I reached high school. In elementary school, I dreaded science class because coming up with a topic for the science project was frustrating. When I was younger, I enjoyed language arts class primarily for the grammar lessons and discussion lectures on books, but in high school, keeping up with the readings were overwhelming. For instance, one time it took me one hour to read five pages of Harper Lee’s To Kill aRead MoreMy Favorite Class2070 Words   |  9 Pages7. What I liked, disliked, and would change about the class Overall, the class has been an incredible experience. I will truly never forget the lessons that I have learned, the friends that I have made, and the people that I have helped and gotten to know. The class is a great opportunity and I think that anyone who is able to take it should at least consider it. Although there were most definitely some struggles throughout the year, I will not deny that I enjoyed the majority of the year. It hasRead MoreHot or Not?: My Favorite Readings from Class637 Words   |  3 Pagesthis class I wasnt sure how I would like it or how good I would do in it because i have heard many things about it. At first, it was very, very hard class to take because we had to read Hamilton and I freaking hated it. Absolutely hated it. HATED IT. But after we were done with Hamilton and I really got the hang of doing packets I found out that it is not that horrible. On the plus side we do get to read some actually good stuff. Although we haven’t had many readin gs this semester my favorite onesRead MoreMy Three Favorite Stories from English Class599 Words   |  2 Pages Many times when you read different texts you will get a sense of wonderment and complete adoration for it. When you truly like something this much it will have that effect. This is my favorite three stories from Mr. McGee’s freshman Honors English Class. The first story that I really enjoyed from McGee’s class was the story known as â€Å"Slam, Dunk, Hook†. This story is all about Basketball. The feelings when you play, the intense emotions of the game, and the craziest and most adored moves ofRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing1375 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Bausch s language arts class. For our first assignment we had to make a cereal box about our selves. Once we were finished we had to present in front of the class. Once my name was called I went up and stood in front of the class. My legs were shaking and my heart was pumping. I speed right through it and hurried back to my seat I was so proud of my self. Now in eighth grade, we had to present a motivation speech, I got up and confidently presented it to the class. I have changed a lot over aRead MoreMy First Day Of Grade At Springfield Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesI remember my first day of 4th grade at Springfield local. I was nervous, the teache r who would be teaching me was known to have made students do a lot of writing. Of course I have written out small sentences and maybe some alphabetical practice on paper before, but I have never written thoughts or ideas that coursed through my nine year old brain. We were advised to bring a journal to keep all year throughout the class, to write about whatever topic the teacher desired to assign to the classroomRead MoreMy Favorite Pieces Of Literature910 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Examples of My Favorite Pieces of Literature† There are many different types of Literature, and throughout high school, most of us read and study famous pieces written by popular authors. I enjoyed reading and studying all types of literature in school, but my favorite was a story or poem that talked about how to overcome the obstacles and unforeseen circumstances we sometimes face in life. 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What Impacts Will the Aging Population of Germany Have on Its Economy Free Essays

string(157) " the argument that with the on-set of population aging, an increasing share of the elderly in the German market caused changes in its consumption structure\." The objective of this research paper is to explore, analyze and survey the implications of Germany’s demographics on the country’s economy. The motivation behind this study is to add to the understanding of social-economic issues in one of the Eurozone’s heavyweights and its impact for years to come. This paper looks into Germany’s demographic trends, consumption trends, savings trends, Germany’s pension policy and labor market effects. We will write a custom essay sample on What Impacts Will the Aging Population of Germany Have on Its Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper draws on estimates and analyses from relevant literature, including scholarly journals and government publications to illustrate and quantify its points. Conclusions drawn from this study shows that the definitive impact of population aging on economic growth is reflected in consumption, savings, labor pool and dependency burdens. Practical implications can be surmised from this paper; policy makers, native citizens, immigrants and other stakeholders might wish to refer to this paper for an understanding and perspective of the social phenomenon and derive solutions to problems in its sphere. However there are limitations to this research as it is done through literature review and the demographic-economic variables are not constant. Further research will be required to gather concise and quantifiable data to support its claims. Introduction Germany’s aging problem is serious because during the past 30 years, German women have produced children at an average rate of less than 1. 4 babies per lifetime (Tim Colebatch, 2004). In 2009 The Federal Statistic’s Office (Germany) forecast Germany’s rapidly aging population was likely to decline by 20 percent to around 65 million by 2060. The drop will be accompanied by a dramatic shift in the amount of elderly people in Germany. Of the country’s current 81 million inhabitants, some 20. 6 percent are now aged 65 (2011). But in 2060, assuming that fertility rate remain constant and life expectancy increase at a steady rate, that percentage will increase to 33 percent. Following a rapid recovery from the 2008-2009 recessions, economic growth has slowed in the second half of 2011 for Germany (OECD,2012). Policy makers are faced with domestic issues interfering with mid-term growth potential, one of them namely rapid population aging. Deutsche Bundesbank published a report in April 2012 announcing that if the dampening effects of demographics can be mitigated by appropriate reform measures, it will largely be possible to maintain the current rate of potential growth of roughly 11/4% per y ear until 2020. With Europe struggling to cope with the Debt Crisis, an economic powerhouse such as Germany is under the pressure to come up with solutions and lead the union. However with its workforce fading into bottomless vacuum of tax dependents, it does not reflect well onto Germany’s financial health and strength as a sovereign nation. This paper intends to examine the situation in Germany and reach a conclusion that population aging increases the dependent population burden in views of both taxpayers and the nation’s budget; aggregate consumption expenditure decreases; the savings rate declines and shrinks the pool of available capital; working-age population reduces, while the labor productivity in Germany is not impacted heavily. Moreover, this paper will outline a perspective stakeholders should adopt to illustrate that as long as effective reform or measures can be implemented, the negative impact of the aging population on economic growth is likely to be minimized. Main arguments Dependency burdens Population aging increases the dependent population burden. Germany’s pension system is known as the most generous pension system and public welfare. Costs of public retirement insurance are almost 12% of GDP, more than 2. times as much as the U. S. Social Security System (Axel Borsch-Supan, et al. ,2003), and it accounts for a high proportion of retirees’ income. The weight of this tremendous systems is taxing on Germany’s finances as well as the need for tax-payers’ support. To ease the pressure of an aging population on the government budget, Germany has carried out a series of reforms. In what was called â€Å"the greatest social reform after war â€Å"by former Labor Minister F ranz Liszt initiated in the spring of 2001. The main contents include reducing benefits, settling the level of premium expenditure, a pay-as-you-go pension system and developing a new type of private pension to fill the loss of welfare income. This reform, especially with measures to expand private pension types, will probably promote economic development. The Fund pension system is conducive for German government to supply a large number of retirees without increasing the load of employees and taxpayers. From a macroeconomic perspective, this series of system can help reduce the government budget pressure from an aging population. From micro-economic perspective, it can also bring higher personal income. Unfortunately, there is a big difference between the actual implementation of Liszt reform and the government’s promise. The new fund pension system in Germany is being undertaken on a relatively small scale, while the current non-accumulation fund insurance system is still in the highest flight. The final result is that, the German retirees are almost entirely likely to depend on the government. Overall, the public welfare accounted for 61% of net income after tax for families of 60 years old or above. The substantial increase in social welfare spending for the elderly in the GNP will continue to enlarge, as it is bound to limit the expanding of production, and influence the capital investment and economic efficiency, and add the burden on the national economy. Thus, with the development of population aging and extension of the average life expectancy of the aging of the population, it might be appropriate to extend the retirement age limit, in order to reduce dependent population and relatively increase the accumulation funds to expand production. Germany plans to raise the retirement age to 67 years of age, because of such considerations. But at the same time, the heavy new employment pressure requires Germany to strike a balance between extending retirement age and easing the employment pressure. Consumption The next section puts forward the argument that with the on-set of population aging, an increasing share of the elderly in the German market caused changes in its consumption structure. You read "What Impacts Will the Aging Population of Germany Have on Its Economy" in category "Papers" Overall, the consumption expenditure shows a gradual widening tendency during the aging process; however, Germany has already entered the aging society, so consumption expenditure showed a decreasing trend. This table shows the percentage of elderly family with an excess of the annuity income over expenditures. Annuity income is more than consumer spending and it increases with age. The decline in consumer spending is so significant that for about a quarter of the elderly aged 75 and above, the annuity income is more than 50% higher than consumer spending. In fact, almost all of this decline can be attributed to a decrease of food, travel and traffic expenses, the marginal utility of consumption reduction will probably decrease in the elderly, due to deteriorating health or being lonely. It is worth noticing that in Germany, food, travel and traffic expenses can hardly be offset by more health spending, because almost all health fees are covered by compulsory health insurance. (Wise, 2004) To some extent, the influence of population aging on consumption inhibited economic development. In this case, to speed up the development of older industries, government should focus on the development of travel, real estate and pension services for older people in order to promote consumption growth and the prosperity of the silver hair market. Savings The world’s population is aging, accordingly, bank balances might probably stop growing. People tend to reduce their savings after retirement, while the younger generation are not as canny as older generations. As a result, savings rate will drop significantly (Diana Farrell, et al. , electric shavers, 2005). Because aggregate saving equals to investment (Lachlan McGregor, 2008), so if left unchecked, the slowdown of the global savings rate will reduce the amount of money available for investment and then hinder economic growth. It is not easy to find a solution. Stimulating economic growth in itself is not a solution, nor is the future productivity revolution or technological breakthroughs. To add to future global savings and financial wealth, the German government and the family need to increase their savings rate, and earn a higher return on assets. These changes involve tough choices, but it can provide a brighter future. As the elderly make up the larger proportion of the population, the total amount for investment and wealth accumulation will be reduced. The expected decline of growth rate for Germany’s financial wealth will fall to 2. 4% from 3. 8%. One thing is certain: the decline in the household savings rate can shrink the pool of available capital. Because of continuing budget deficit, government may push up interest rates and crowd out private investment. In the next few years, the rise in the cost of economic dependence will force government to implete better fiscal discipline. The only meaningful way to offset the population pressure to the upcoming global financial wealth is increasing savings rate of government and households, and a more efficient allocation of capital for the economy, thereby increasing the return. In Germany, to achieve the required rate of return, the policy makers must improve competitiveness, encourage innovation in financial sector and the economy as a whole, and raise the legal protection of investors and creditors. As for increasing the savings rate, the key to is to overcome inertia. When the enterprises automatically register their employees on a voluntary savings plan rather than requiring people to become active, participation rate might increase significantly. Of course, the government can also increase the savings rate of Germany directly. Labor Pool With an increase in the proportion of the elderly population, the proportion of working-age population will accordingly decrease, which goes against German economic development (David E. Bloom, et al. , 2001). Labor force can be an effective motivation of rapid economic growth. However, a demographic draft report of the German federal government indicated that the working age population may reduce from 50 million to 26. 5 million in 2050, which is a decrease of nearly a half. According to the draft, the employment reduction would bring disastrous consequences to the economy of Germany. Moreover, it is much more difficult for older workers to adapt to the fast-paced production activities, especially in the labor-intensive production, so population aging is not conducive to the improvement of labor. In this case, a targeted immigration plan is very useful to enable Germany’ to maintain its competitiveness. It is estimated that in order to make the employment potential of Germany remain at the level in 2004, at least 300 thousand to 500 thousand immigrants are needed annually. The appeal of that idea stems from two considerations: immigrants are relatively young, and hence their arrival reduces the average age of both the population and the labor force; and they can be expected to add more to the national product than they use up as consumers in terms of health-care, and thus to provide net support for the rising numbers of elderly dependents in the population. On closer inspection, however, there is a problem: immigrants get older, like everyone else, and a sustained policy of higher immigration has little long-term impact on either the median age or the age composition of the population. As Espenshade (1994, p. 766) noted, â€Å"immigration is a clumsy and unrealistic policy alternative to offset a shortage of domestic labor or to correct a perceived imbalance in the pensioner to worker ratio. † The effect of population aging to enhance labor productivity is negative which can be reflected on that the speed of aging workforce to accept new knowledge, science and technology is slower than that of the young. Relatively the elderly population shows a weak ability to adapt to new industries. Thus, to some extent, new product development and technological innovation are largely influenced by the aging problem. In the case of rapid scientific and technological development, and faster advancement of knowledge and increasingly keen competition, population aging has greater negative influence on labor productivity and economic growth. As for Germany, it gives priority to technology-intensive industries and to improve labor productivity mainly relies on science and technology, so the demand for mental exertion is much higher than physical. As a result, the negative influence of population aging on increase labor productivity is likely to be limited, on the other side, the experience of skilled older workers will have a positive effect to improve labor productivity in Germany. Conclusion Overall, it is argued in this essay that population aging in terms of the acroeconomics is not conducive to economic development, and its negative impact is mainly manifested in the above-mentioned four areas, while the elderly population do not entirely represent an economic burden as they can be profitable consumers, among them there are still some people engaged in economic activities with relatively abundant accumulation of experience and knowledge which can make up for the physical insufficiency. Thus, to some extent, these peo ple contribute to the economic development. In fact, an effective way to mitigate the adverse effects of an aging population and labor force, is by accelerating the development of a knowledge-based economy in high-tech industries. (i. e. to improve the level of automation in production and reduce the demand for workers’ physical strength. ) We should also see that the development of the knowledge-based economy led to changes in the industrial structure and occupational structure and the increasingly high demand for workers intelligence. With the expectancy of population average life, the health status of the elderly is gradually improving, older workers will make a greater contribution than ever for economic development. Therefore, the rational development and utilization of elderly human resources, will become an important issue to mitigate the adverse impact of population aging on economic development. Appendix Percentage of Elderly in Age Group with a Ratio of Annuity Income to Consumption Expenditures in Germany [pic] Bibliography Asghar Zaidi and Malgorzata Rejniak (2010). Fiscal Policy and Sustainability in View of Crisis and Population Aging in Central and Eastern European Countries. Axel Borsch-Supan et al. (2005). aging, pension reform, and capital flows:a multi-country simulation model. Cambridge. National Bureau of Economic Research. David A. Wise (2004). Studies in the Economics of Aging. National Bureau of Economic Research. David E. Bloomet al. (2001). Economic Growth and the Demographic Transition. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. David N. Weil (2006). Population Aging. Cambridge. National Bureau of Economic Research. Michael D. Hurd (2006). The Economics Of Individual Aging. University of New York at Stony Brook. How to cite What Impacts Will the Aging Population of Germany Have on Its Economy, Papers

Information System Motor Sales Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain Information System Motor Sales Management? Answer: Introducation The ABC motors is a car selling and vendor company which majorly deals with selling and renting of the various types of vehicles, however the type of vehicles sold and rent are the busses, Lorries, pickup, tractors; however they also sell the motorbikes. In addition to this the company also rents some vehicles mainly the tractors and the Lorries at fair prices. The current system is made of the various departments and they face a lot of challenges in the record keeping process, since they do record their transactions in a book manually where they face challenges while making stock, sales and rental analysis, however they tend to lose their records and they may misplace a very important data management. The company however has the major structures which is divided in terms of the departments, these departments includes management department where the general manager is located and they mainly deals with overall operations ,there is also the inventory manager this is the one responsible for the recording of the available vehicle in the stock, The sales manager who mainly deals with the vehicles to be sold and he issue the vehicles to the owners after they are bought. However the organization has also the financial manager this mainly receives the money from the customers who want to purchase or rent a certain machinery or vehicle. All these managers are the one who controls the operation of the company ,however when the customers visits the company they record their details in the finance department including their name and the required machinery and whether is rental or purchase then they proceed to the show room so that can be able to select their desirable vehicles. After the customers selecting their desirable machinery they proceed to finance department and make payments, the finance manager issues the customers with the receipt where using the receipt the sales manager or the rental manager issues the machinery to the customers. Operational problems. The ABC motors company has various operations and there are various challenges that company faces, the challenges are in terms of the data storage and the operation process, among the following are some of the challenges faced by the company management. Poor record management-the records are managed manually where the stock record ,rental records and the sale records are captured in the books records which can be easily damaged. Long waiting queues. The customers has been coming for services in this company this is because of high quality service offered here and the discounted prices by the company to the customers and due to the poor record capturing and searching from the book records. Time consumption and wastage. The use of the book type of record keeping make the user of the system spend a lot of time to retrieve the record and his leads to waste time for both the customers and the respective staffs. Challenges in record storage. The company however is also facing some challenges when it comes to record storage where it leads to more expenditure in purchase of the storage cabinets this requires a large storage room for the cabinets as well. Challenges in record retrieval, The company get a lot of challenges while trying to retrieve the storage of the records either for storage or the sales and rental books and tends to take a lot of time and increases the queues. Lack of data backup. The company data at this moment has no formal backup ,this makes it risky for in case the data get lost at any given time and in case of the complain from the customer and they can end up claiming for refund of any purchase. Loss of data. The company can end up losing the data in case the files get misplaced and this makes the company lack data for future reference to analyse the sales trends. Poor decision making. The current system the management cannot make good decision since the they cannot be able to do analysis of their sales, store and rental records. system acquisition method Due to various challenges ,in this company the management decided to put in place the accounting management system ,this Is to allow that the company manages all those challenges ,this is to ensure that the company will be able to integrate all the relevant departments ,this will enable the central storage of the company records (Rainer, 2015). The company has decided to acquire new computerized system which will enable them store the records, ease the records retrieval and also it enable the data backup. During the system acquisition the company used the commercial software which will be customized to be use by the ABC motor company; this software will be able to link the entire departments, this will as a result lead to improved service delivery and will result to services delivery. system flowchart of the sales procedures. The system will streamline how the details of the information flow this indicates how the customer visits the company, order for product and make payments; however the system will also enable the store manger to record the stock of the vehicles which are in rent. The below is the flow chart for the system which indicates the way information is feed in the system. Control problems in the system and fraud are possible in this system. This system is quite efficient ,however there are some challenges which are involved in the system some of these challenges include the fraudulent cases ,these cases includes the following : The issuing of authentication details to unauthorized users: This causes the leaking of information to the public which makes the information to be at risk of data loss. Malicious attack :This is a case where the attackers tends to hack into the network system ,the process will enable the attackers to destroy the system or even cause harm to the computer stored files. The crashing of the computers systems: The crashing of the computer system leads to loss of the computer data is lost, however the data can only be obtained from the back up data . Infection by viruses and the malicious software: The virus are much infectious to electronic files ,however the computers tend to loss data ,however through the virus attack the malicious attackers can access the data or even make some alteration to the record. Development and adoption of the accounting software packages. This company requires the accounting software, this software will be developed using a standard features that the users can make use of the system .The adopted system is made to ensure that the record is maintained (Jelassi, 2014). However there are various modules that are meant to be used by the system users as below: Store manager modules. This module is used to by the store manager where he updates the records of the vehicles bought and in the records ,this module is also used to update the records ,however through this module the store manger check on the deficiency of the stock of the machinery( Rainer,2015). . Sales manager modules. This is a module that is used by the sales manager where all the sold products are recorded here the way sales are made ,however the sales manager is able to do the analysis of the sales made and be able to do the profit and loss analysis( Courtney, 2015). Finance manager modules. This module for the proposed account system is meant to be used by the finance manager ,however this allows the company to keep the sales records ,however the company can be able to analyze the record in terms of the type of the vehicles sold in the company. Rental manager modules. This is the module that is meant to be use by the rental manager, the rental manager keeps the record of the vehicles being hired by the company, and therefore the manager can also be able to give a summary of the sales made accordingly (Carter , 2013). Current market size. There is a wide pool of customers who are the major target to the company ,this is where the company can be able to sell their products to the customers ,however the customers were also able hire the vehicles and machinery respectively (Blanning,2012). The below list indicates the various customers targeted by the company as shown below: The large scale farmers, these were the customers who could rent the tractors for a certain period in order to till their large scale farms. The wedding brides, these people are the one who rent the cars for the wedding program. The cars buyers, these are the people who visits the company to buy the new cars according to their needs. Leaders in the market and what gives them the competitive advantage. There are various companies who do offer the similar services, however these companies are competitive since most of them have variety of products, however the main competitive advantage is use of availability of various services which includes the following: They allow their clients to rent their services at low cost. They provides more products to their customers than other related companies . They provide online booking of their products by the customers. They have already installed accounting software which is used to record and store their sales details. They have a cloud backup facility this enables them to ensure that they have their data secure in case the computers fails. Current challenges accounting software. The account software is very important in the organization, however there are various challenges that are involved in the accounting software, some of these software challenges which includes (Liebowitz, 2015): The system is not accessible by the online customers thus it is not possible for the customers (Silver,2014). The system is not fully customized to fit the various companys needs and thus some of the transaction of the bank tends to remain un catered for. The system is also limited to some few limitations where they only cover few needs. The other limitation is that the system administrators are unable to back up their data in the remote server therefore in case of the local data loss their data get lost. References Liebowitz, J.(2015) .Expert Systems for Business Management. Englewood Cliffs Yourdon Press,500. Silver.M.(2014). Systems that Support Decision Makers. Chichester :Wiley publishers,250. Carter , G.(2013). Building Organizational Decision Support Systems. San Diego: Academic Press,230. Blanning, R.(2012). Current Research in Decision Support Systems. Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society Press,650. Courtney, F.(2015).Decision Support Models and Expert System. New Yorks:Macmillan,2011 Jelassi, T.(2014). Decision Support Systems: Experiences and Expectation. North-Holland Amsterdam publishers,200 . Rainer, R.(2015). Executive Information Systems. New York: Wiley, 268.

Wuthering Heights Essay Example

Wuthering Heights Essay Heathcliff is not inherently evil, but rather he is a victim of the judgement and social prejudices of Victorian Society. Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights explores the deep romantic connection between Catherine Linton and the dark-skinned gypsy, Heathcliff and the effect their supernatural relationship has on their heirs. Initially, through Nellys interpretation, Heathcliff is seen as the villain of the novel unjustifiably upsetting the lives of the novels most innocent characters. However, on deeper analysis of Nellys unreliable story, it becomes evident that Heathcliffs satanic actions stem from his deprivation of love and sympathy. As well as societys assumption that he is merely more than an imp from Satan. Heathcliffs villainous actions stem from his lack of love and sympathy as a child. Found as good as dumb in the streets of Liverpool Heathcliff experiences neglect from an early age. Not even after being found by Mr Earnshaw who took to Heathcliff strangely petting him up far above Cathy does Heathcliff ever experience belonging. Through his childhood at Wuthering Heights Heathcliff has to stand Hindleys abuse and be forced to live like a servant after Mr Earnshaws death. This treatment he receives as a child reflects on the way he treats the other characters in the novel, in particular Hareton, who is Heathcliffs opportunity for revenge on Hindley. Hareton is treated by Heathcliff in much the same way as Heathcliff was treated by Hindley after Earnshaws death. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heathcliff reduces Hareton to a state of complete dependence on his fathers inveterate enemy; and lives in his own house as a servant. Though his treatment of Hareton is terrible, it is the only treatment Heathcliff knows. Unlike Hindley, Heathcliff is aware of his treatment, describing Hareton as the ghost of my immortal love; of my wild endeavours to hold my right; my degradation, my pride, my happiness and my anguish. Heathcliffs ability to recognise the similarities between him and Hareton shows his less satanic side and proves that he is not the creator of evil but rather the victim of it. Heathcliffs intense love for Catherine is behind most of his evil actions. Heathcliff falls passionately in love with Catherine and she, too, is passionately in love with Heathcliff claiming hes more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same. However Cathys want of social advancement separates her and Heathcliff as she believes it would degrade me to marry Heathcliff. It is ultimately Catherines connection with Edgar that divides the pair and induces Heathcliffs evil nature. Through Catherines marriage Heathcliff is denied the only love he has ever had which causes him to deny others of love. Catherines daughter, Cathy explains this when she states Mr Heathcliff, you have nobody to love you; and, however miserable you make us, we shall still have the revenge of thinking that your cruelty arises from your greater misery. Heathcliffs greatest misery is the death of Catherine, which intensifies his malicious treatment of Isabella and is the reason for the forced marriage of Linton and Cathy, as they can provide him with money. Without his love all Heathcliff has for fulfilment is money and power over the other characters, this is shown when he insists Cathy return to Wuthering Heights merely so he can have his children about me. However this does not make Heathcliff evil, his occasionally satanic actions are merely a cause of his separation from his only love. The fury of Heathcliffs revenge is the equal and opposite reaction to the intensity of is love, his ability to love proves that he is not an imp of Satan but lonely like the devil, and envious like him. Heathcliffs actions mirror the way the other characters in Wuthering Heights expect him to act. The Victorian Society from which Wuthering Heights is set is highly preoccupied with image and reputation obtained at birth. So therefore Heathcliff, an orphan with no last name, is seen to society as having no social class. From the moment Heathcliff enters the Earnshaw household he is stereotyped as a gypsy brat and a foulmouthed thief, facing torment and abuse from Hindley on a regular basis over his heritage. The other characters in the novel constantly expect him to be doing wrong, and once Catherine deserts him he gives in to their stereotyping. Heathcliff lives up to the expectation that he is a venomous serpent and a mad dog, and commits evil actions because no one expects any different from him. This is shown when Catherine is taken in by the Lintons and Mrs Linton refers to Heathcliff as a wicked boy Quite unfit for a decent house! Heathcliff responds to this comment by recommencing the cursing that caused him to be named a wicked boy and proving to Mrs Linton that he is as he is stereotyped, an urchin from Liverpool. Though Nelly tries to convince the reader otherwise, Heathcliff was not always as devilish as he would stand Hindleys blows without winking or shedding a tear. Heathcliff gives the reader no indication of wanting revenge or causing harm until years after his introduction to the Earnshaw family. This proves that Heathcliff does not enter Wuthering Heights with the intention of causing harm, but rather the constant stereotyping and the expectation that he is as an evil gypsy causes him to become a fierce, pitiless, wolfish man. Heathcliff is a victim of social prejudice rather than a fiend from hell. As Wuthering Heights progresses so too does our understanding of Heathcliff and the complexity of his nature. Though initially Nellys interpretation causes the reader to see Heathcliff as inherently evil, a deeper analysis of his character proves otherwise. Heathcliff is mistreated and denied love and sympathy from an early age which causes him to act in a satanic manner with no regard for the feeling of others. Heathcliffs nature is mainly influenced from his lack of love, his intense feelings for Catherine and societies expectations.

Definition and Examples of Word Grammar (WG)

Definition and Examples of Word Grammar (WG) Word grammar is a general theory of language structure which holds that grammatical knowledge is largely a body (or network) of knowledge about words. Word grammar (WG) was originally developed in the 1980s by British linguist Richard Hudson (University College London).   Observations [Word Grammar theory] consists of the [following] generalization: A language is a network of entities related by propositions. -Richard Hudson, Word Grammar Dependency RelationsIn WG, syntactic structures are analyzed in terms of dependency relations between single words, a parent and a dependent. Phrases ​are defined by dependency structures which consist of a word plus the phrases rooted in any of its dependents. In other words, WG syntax does not use phrase structure in describing sentence structure, because everything that needs to be said about sentence structure can be formulated in terms of dependencies between single words. -Eva Eppler Language as a NetworkThe conclusions so far, then, are more or less uncontroversial:[T]he idea of language as a conceptual network actually leads to new questions and highly controversial conclusions. The words network and conceptual are both contentious. We start with the notion of language as a network. In WG, the point of this claim is that language is nothing but a networkthere are no rules, principles, or parameters to complement the network. Everything in language can be defined formally in terms of nodes and their relations. This is also accepted as one of the main tenets of cognitive linguistics. -Richard Hudson, Language Networks: The New Word Grammar.   Word Grammar (WG) and Construction Grammar (CG)The central claim of WG is that language is organized as a cognitive network; the major consequence of this claim is that the theory eschews part-whole structures such as are central in Phrase Structure Grammar.   Phrases are not basic to WG analyses and so the central unit of organization within WG is the dependency, which is a pairwise relationship between two words. In this respect, the theory is different from Construction Grammar (CG), because WG has no level of analysis which is larger than the word and  the (pairwise) dependency which associates two words. . . . There are, however, some key points of similarity between WG and CG: both theories assume a symbolic relationship between the units  of syntax and an associated semantic structure; both theories are usage based;  both theories are declarative; both theories have a structured lexicon; and both theories exploit default inheritance. -Nikolas Gisborne, Dependencies Are Constructions: A Case Study in Predicative Complementation.   Sources Richard Hudson,  Word Grammar. Blackwell, 1984Eva Eppler, Word Grammar and Syntactic Code-Mixing Research.  Word Grammar: New Perspectives, ed. K. Sugayama and R. Hudson. Continuum, 2006Richard Hudson,  Language Networks: The New Word Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2007Nikolas Gisborne, Dependencies Are Constructions: A Case Study in Predicative Complementation.  Constructional Approaches to English Grammar, ed. by  Graeme Trousdale and Nikolas Gisborne. Walter de Gruyter, 2008

Centrism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Centrism - Essay Example It is quite deceiving and absurd to find a significant number of people who take religion merely on a physical level, assuming that it is worth just active involvement in church traditions which may compensate for any shortfall of character. This concept, however, sets believers to the perils of blindness toward genuine principles of truth which should be learned and understood by the heart. Hence, in this regard, I propose to establish belief in Faith-Centrism. Under this religion, there would be one God whose image or form is yet unknown but still an omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent entity anyone can speak to at any moment in all open spaces. There is no need for a firm embellished structure to house particular images or figures for which offerings must be made since worship by faith alone ought to be central and is not subject to judgment based on material possessions imparted. Faith-Centrism challenges a follower to exhibit true values of faith beyond public view or approv al. For instance, showing compassion to someone in need is an act which, as much as possible, must not reap rewards by being seen and given any credit if faith must be kept pure. A believer is more spiritually attached when executing good deeds in secret because this way, he would be capable of meditative thought to weigh between pure and impure intentions. Moreover, Faith-Centrism shall have no administering priest to prevent the risks of formality people tend to become more focused on procedural custom rather than faith. It would be more appropriate to have organize brotherhood and sisterhood that would informally gather to share rich and colorful stories of faithful journeys in all walks of living. Any written code of ethic or conduct suitable should be personal and while I see it fit that the Bible or the Holy Scripture from the Christian tradition may proceed as the standard, nevertheless, a flexible interpretation is encouraged for all passages depending on how the biblical ve rses apply to one’s unique set of ways in dealing with any aspect of life (Hollingworth, 2010). When it comes to prayer, disciples of Faith-Centrism need not abide by any specific form. They can pray with or without having to utter words in any position of preference and for as long as sincerity is not neglected, prayer can be treated as formal or informal occasion of communicating to God in thought, whispers, loud speech, and writing (Daniel, 2008). The meaning of faith must remain central in solemn moments of pouring out sentiments to God, strongly believing that each request shall receive God’s answers once the proper time arrives. Through Faith-Centrism, people will have inspiration and opulent hopes of changing for the better as it includes no concept of hell in the doctrine. To be fair to the portion of mankind that has died in chaos without being influenced by the light of wisdom of truth taught in religion, souls thereof shall be guided by divine spirits to a d imension where there exists a chance to possess new material bodies and be born anew in the world instead of experiencing rigid fates as punishment for the unrighteousness. With the abolition of ‘hell’ in notion, people would realize the marvelous extent of God’s unconditional love keeping in mind that the opportunity to live another life is something very indispensable to purify every soul to full brilliance before it reaches heaven and meets God face to face. No soul goes to waste except for lives that are

Personal and Professional Development Statement

And Professional Development - Personal Statement Example Before starting a new course or new assignment I always attempt to reflect upon both my personal as well as professional practice. I cherish the way I have managed to nurture my career. I haven't always been a teacher at the college; I was originally employed as a gardener to maintain the college's numerous football pitches, trees and flower beds. My resume did reveal, however, several years teaching experience in Japan and an extensive background in engineering. It occurred to the administration one fine day that I could perhaps nurture the human mind better than plants. We need to revisit our prior experiences and knowledge to illustrate that we have already taken the first difficult step towards evolution. 'Maximizing an experience' is, therefore, a progressive and reflective task that can be used to action plan further development. I wish to augment upon my personal and professional development by pursuing an honours degree. I believe that the learning processes and the learning skills needed to obtain the degree are more important than the degree itself. I therefore aim to achieve more through the process of acquiring knowledge. Subsequently, the learnt skills can be transferred to both personal and professional contexts. The desire now to achieve attainment at a higher... Though I do not believe that intelligence is linked with qualifications, yet I am certain that the presence of degrees allows constructing ideas and verifying them in a professional and responsible manner. My yearning to be a teacher asks me to be qualified as well; subsequently, when I am qualified, I expect to feel a sense of intellectual enlightenment as well. This would help me develop knowledge, and perhaps spread the light through educating my pupils. Reflection here appears also to have a special learning value in that acquired learning, when the reflected upon issue will generate deeper learning vis--vis the relevance to the learner. To further my ability to teach, I will thus need to further develop my ability to reflect critically in a range of situations. Equally important, the course will continue to provide me with a selection of teaching and learning tools that can be used not only in a classroom environment but also in my personal life. Vital Areas When reflecting upon assignments that have given me confidence and a sense of worth, there are two projects which I have enjoyed more than others. These were the independent studies module, and the organisational module. These developed a level of insight and knowledge within me, which I had not experienced otherwise. Another reflective challenge was the completion of an audit. I found that this form of self-evaluation relies upon self-perception or self-awareness and a comparison of self with others. The audit has identified three perceived areas and skills within me, which need further development, namely: (a) Note Taking (b) Reflecting on my experience (c) Organizing time and myself I have realized that these three are not my

Humanities class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanities class - Essay Example To illustrate this point, it will be best to cite an example in an epoch in history where St. Augustine’s teachings and philosophy were pervasive – the Dark Age. During that time, St. Augustine’s teachings that we are all sinners and deserving to be damned virtually preoccupied all of Europe’s consciousness that even the air they breathe is filled with sin. For St. Augustine, they were all sinners because Christ, despite of his sacrifice, did not after all save nor absolved us from our sins so we have to repent. So virtually all dimension of life in Europe during that time were filled with remission of sins such that a slight digression from this theological thought would suffice an individual to be charged as heretic and be burned at the stake. That same theological thought also proved to be an ideal ground to launch a crusade of violence and murder in the name of God. Pope Urban II exhortation and call for arms against the Muslims at Clermont, France in November 27, 1095 would not have gained ground if people did not believe that they were sinners and deserved to be damned (Tyrman 226-228). The pope knowing that this is the mindset of the people during those times, exploited their naivety by offering those who will undertake the crusade a full remission of their their sins and will be regarded as martyrs and could expect eternal salvation as the crusade is considered as a response of vow made to God (Riley-Smith 9). Naà ¯ve and gullible that this may sound to the modern mind, but the reward of not being damned by their sins is the religious impetus that provided momentum to the crusade, an idea borrowed from St. Augustine. Still not contented, the violence that were undertaken in Christ’s name who Himself abhorred violence but instead preached and practiced love and charity was also given a theological justification or excuse by the teachings of St.

DI-MS Technique for Analyzing Protein and Peptide Sequences

DI-MS Technique for Analyzing Protein and Peptide Sequences Food Industrial Application DI-MS technique has been widely applied in food industry as it is an easy and high-throughput tool for analyzing protein and peptide sequences, studying the components or structure in food, monitoring the contamination in food. FAB-MS In the study by Terzi, Boyot, Dorsselear, Luu and Trifilieff (1990), the amino acid sequence of a new 6.8 kDa proteolipid from beef heart was determined by employed FAB-MS. The study isolated and purified the 6.8 kDa proteolipid from an acidic methanol/chloroform extract of bovine cardiac muscle, and subsequently analyzed it with the application Cs atom beam of FAB-MS in 1-thioglycerol matrix. The result showed a protonated molecular ion [M+H]+ at m/z 6834.1 and indicated that it have about 60 residues. The 60 residues in the polypeptide were cleaved into three peptide fragments CN1, CN2 and CN3. To characterize these cleavage peptides from amino acid composition, the CN1 and CN2 were ionized using the FAB-MS that performed with Xe atom beam and 1-thioglycerol matrix while the CN3 which also dissolved in 1-thioglycerol was collided by Cs atom beam to produce sample ions. Table 1.0: Chemical mass of cleavage peptides Cleavage peptides Measured mass [M+H]+ [M+Na]+ CN1 1539.0 1560.9 CN2 2100.5 2121.8 CN3 3134.6 From the analysis of the cleavage peptides, the amino acid sequence and peptide fragments of the 6.8 kDa proteolipid were reported as: MLQSLIKKVWIPMKPYYTQAYQEIWVGTGLMAYIVYKIRSADKRSKALKASS 1 CN1 13 14 CN2 31 32 CN3 AAPAHGHH 60 In addition, the FAB-MS technique was applied to determine the structure of the Lycium chinense Miller fruits (Gou-Qi-Zi) in combination with NMR and IR spectroscopy (Chung, Ali, Praveen, Yu, Kim, Ahmad, 2014). L. chinense fruit is a valuable tonic or food, hence there are many researches have been reported to display the properties the L.chinense fruit. For example, the anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant properties (Lee et al., 2005; Wang, Chang, Inbaraj. Chen, 2010; Zhang et al., 2011) and the antihepatotoxic activity and chemical constituents (Chin et al., 2003; Kim et al., 1997). In the research, the four new compounds (i, ii, iii and iv) that isolated from L. chinense fruits were characterized using the FAB-MS (JMS-700) spectrometer. The antioxidant activity of the four compounds was further studied and it demonstrated that the activity of the compounds followed the order 1423. Table 2.0: Characterization of compound (i) to (iv) Mass Species m/z Detected species Suggestion Compound (i) [M+H]+ 817 C40H65O17 -aromatic acid glycosidic ester 283 [CH3(CH2)16COO]+ -steric acid was esterified with one phenolic group 267 [CH3(CH2)16CO]+ 414 [C15H26O13]+ -three arabinose units bind to one phenolic group 265 [C10H17O8]+ 133 [C5H9O4]+ Compound (ii) [M+H]+ 1165 C50H85O30 -susquiterpene glycoside ester 265 [C10H17O8]+ -few arabinose units bind to the sesquiterpene moiety 223 [C14H27CO]+ 133 [C5H8O5]+ Compound (iii) [M]+ 1309 C58H100O32 -hexaglycoside 341 [C12H21O11]+ -six hexose sugar units bind to each other -unsaturated fatty acid located at terminal position 335 [C21H39COO]+ 325 [C12H21O10]+ 319 [C12H39CO]+ 179 [C6H11O6]+ 163 [C6H11O5]+ Compound (iv) [M+H]+ 841 C31H52O26 -five arabinose units and one glucose unit 661 [C25H41O20]+ -five pentose sugar units bind to a hexose sugar 529 [C25H41O20-C5H8O4]+ 281 [C10H17O9]+ TOF-SIMS TOF-SIMS which widely applied in surface analysis is an important technique for monitoring the contamination in food as the usage of pesticides and fungicide in the agriculture practice will alter and compromise the food quality. The study used TOF-SIMS technique to characterize and compare three different groups of Seggianese olives which classified as untreated (UT), treated with insecticide (dimethoate) and fungicide (copper oxychloride) without washing (TU) and treated with insecticide and fungicide with washing with cold water (TW) (Focardi, et al., 2006). Before measuring the molecular masses of three different groups of olives, the mass calibration was done by using CH3+, C2H3+ and C3H5+ peaks as calibration compounds for positive ions C, CH and C2H peaks as calibration compounds for negative ions. The SIMS data proved the chemical treatments modify the surface composition of olive, resulting in higher intensity signals in TU compared with TW or UT olive spectra. Besides, the intensity of UT and TW olives showed a small variance between each other, demonstrating the washing process was no effective in removing of insecticides and fungicides that will stimulate the composition alterations of olives. Table 3.0: Intensity of few relevant peaks from three different olive samples Peaks Mass peak m/z Attribution Intensity TU olive TW olive UT olive Positive 31.018 CH3O+ 4.23 10-4 6.93 10-5 1.12 10-4 57.074 C4H9+ 1.18 10-2 5.92 10-3 5.08 10-3 73.051 C4H9O+ 7.83 10-4 3.34 10-4 3.08 10-4 147.082 C6H14NOP+ / C6H13NOS+ 2.42 10-4 7.37 10-5 2.93 10-5 Negative 15.994 O 1.13 10-4 2.30 10-3 7.20 10-3 17.002 OH 1.19 10-4 4.42 10-3 5.44 10-3 31.972 S 5.24 10-4 1.99 10-5 1.47 10-5 MALDI-TOF/TOF MS MALDI-MS is a widespread analytical tool for proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides as it offers high ion yields of the intact analyte samples, high sensitivity and accuracy (Lewis, Wei, Siuzdak, 2000). In year 2012, a research about the peptide of peanut hydrolysate has the properties of umami taste had reported by Su, Cui, Zheng, Yang, Ren Zhao. Umami taste is known as the fifth basic taste and it usually described as savory or MSG-like taste. In the study, two novel umami and umami-enhancing peptides were isolated from peanut hydrolysate, purified using chromatography and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The analysis of peptides was performed by MALDI-MS equipped with 337nm of UV nitrogen laser and matrix solution as sinapic acid saturated in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile. The MALDI-TOF/TOF MS was used to sequence the two novel peptides that termed as P3 and P4 as they produce umami taste. It found that the molecular mass of P3 and P4 was 1091.419 Da and 965.595 Da respectively and the amino sequence of P3 is EGSEAPDGSSR while P4 is SSRDEQSR. Bibliography Chung, I. M., Ali, M., Praveen, N., Yu, B. R., Kim, S. H., Ahmad, A. (2014). New polyglucopyranosyl and polyarabinopyranosyl of fatty acid derivatives from the fruits of Lycium chinense and its antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 435-443. Focardi, S., Ristori, S., Mazzuoli, S., Tognazzi, A., Leach-Scampavia, D., Castner, D. G., et al. (2006). ToF-SIMS and PCA studies of Seggianese olives and olive oil. Colloids and Surfaces, 225-232. Lewis, J. K., Wei, J., Siuzdak, G. (2000). Matrix-assited laser desorption/iomization mass spectrometry in peptide and protein analysis. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd. Su, G., Cui, C., Zheng, L., Yang, B., Ren, J., Zhao, M. (2012). Isolation and identification of two novel umami and umami-enhancing peptides from peanut hydrolysate by consecutive chromatography and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Food Chemistry, 479-485. Terzi, E., Boyot, P., Dorsselear, A. V., Luu, B., Trifilieff, E. (1990). Isolation and amino acid sequence of a novel 6.8-kDa mitochondrial proteolipid from beef heart. FABS Letters, 122-126. Conclusion In food industry, the analysis of protein and peptide can be performed well by using MALDI-MS and FAB-MS while the application of SIMS is mostly used for detecting the surface of contaminated food. Besides, the structure of the components in foods can also be identified by using the FAB-MS combined with NMR and IR spectroscopies.

Cyberculture :: Computers Technology Internet Essays

Cyberculture Through new technologies including computers, World Wide Web, and email, we have seen many changes the way we think about and carry out the process of writing. While most seem to welcome new technologies others like Sven Birkets believe these new technologies are hurting the learning process. He writes, â€Å"Many educators say that our students are less and less able to read, or analyze, or write with clarity and purpose. Who can blame the students? Everything they meet with in the world around them gives the signal: That was then, and electronic communications are now (63). This â€Å"cyberculture† that we are a part of has truly changed the way we currently live our lives. If we use new technologies to enhance learning and not it’s primary source we as a culture, a â€Å"cyberculture† will be able to make even greater advances than previously anticipated. Presently the need for actual printed textbooks is on the decline and is sure to c ontinue as we move further into the future. I was first introduced to computers in the early 1980’s and have witnessed first hand the advancements we as a culture have made over the past twenty years. I have gone from the green screen that we learned create a program that would make our name repeat itself on the screen, to creating a full functioning web page. The computer games have come a long way as well. There were two games on our school computers when I first started, â€Å"Lemonade stand† and â€Å"Lawnmower†. These were very basic games that were very badly animated if you could chose to call it animation. These games didn’t have a hand controller since the â€Å"Joy stick† wasn’t invented yet. The games of today look as though a movie crew has filmed them. The first word processing programs had to be loaded by disk each time you wanted to use them and were quite expensive. Today the programs are already loaded and stored in the computer and the expense is ve ry minimal. Our word processing programs can check for spelling and punctuation errors as well as grammar mistakes. For those who have grown up with this option it may not seem like a big deal but for those of us that learned to type on a typewriter that wasn’t even electric these advances are enormous.

My Plans For The Future Essay

Time to become an adult has come. Having an independent life has some happy and difficult moments. However, these situations improve our life in several enriching ways. At this point in the life we have to define our goals and start working for them. When we become an adult we have two choices, and you can choose the one that could take you to the top, or you can take the easiest one and be just another person of the common people. On December first 2012, I arrived to New York State. At my 20 years old, I had to leave my homeland and I was responsible for my life and my own decisions everything was new for me. It was like jumping into the water not knowing how to swim. Now, I am working with my uncle in his own business, I never thought that I am going to be involved in this kind of business. Read more: Future plan essay We sell and repair cars. I learned as fast as I could and now I can say that I have some knowledge about cars. On the other hand, I am attending at college; I want to get in the business major but I am still taking ESL classes because every day as a foreign student I need to learn more English as I can. I feel glad that I can speak English and understand it more than before this way I can accomplish my goal which is finish my education in other language, in a other country and by my own effort. To finish my short introduction, I would like to emphasize that this is one of the most significant experiences of my life because I have learned how import is our family and sometimes we do not appreciate that when they are with us. I am growing as a person and as a professional, but I know all of this effort that I am making it worth. I hope that I can accomplish all my goals that I have I my mind ,but I know that I will with the God’s blessing we can do whatever we want.

Nazi Opposition and the Holocaust

In â€Å"Opposition and Resistance in Nazi Germany†, Frank McDonough explains that the Christian Church was the only organization in Hitler’s Germany that opposed Nazism.   For this reason, the Church was vehemently opposed by Hitler for Nazi opposition.   The chief opponents of Nazism within the Church were punished by the Nazis.   Nevertheless, the Church refused to bow to the Nazi regime seeing as the values of the Church differed widely from Nazism. Samuel P. and Peral M. Oliner write in â€Å"The Holocaust: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretations† that there were around 50,000 to 500,000 non-Jews with altruistic personalities that came to rescue the Jews during World War II.   Although the period was marked by extreme violence and bloodshed, good was meant to overcome evil in the form of countless people that risked their lives for the Jews, despite the fact that they were not related to the Jews by religion, culture, or ethnicity. Peter Hayes mentions several such people by name in his article, â€Å"Lessons and Legacies: The Meaning of the Holocaust in a Changing World.†Ã‚   According to the author, although the Nazis believed that it was a crime to help the Jews, the brave people who helped the Jews refused to submit to Nazi pressure and injustice. Analysis All of the articles summarized above provide evidence to back up the authors’ theses.   While Frank McDonough provides historical examples of the conflict between the Church and Nazism; Samuel P. and Peral M. Oliner provide research evidence to show the altruistic characteristics of the brave non-Jewish rescuers that came to help the Jews without expecting a monetary reward in exchange for their help.   Peter Hayes uses the case study method to describe the altruistic personality of the non-Jewish rescuer. Hence, all three articles provide enough information for the writer to understand the respective topics in depth.   What is more, all three articles present information in a logical manner.   After introducing the topics of their articles, the authors present evidence to support their thesis, connecting each of their sentences and paragraphs to the previous ones.   At no point does it appear that the authors are digressing or providing little in terms of reasoning.   Rather, the articles are complete in terms of logic. Personal Response to the Readings In my opinion, the most important fact to infer from the summarized readings is that good and evil can be interwoven even in terms in great distress.   Indeed, it is good news for humanity that everybody would not submit to evil despite all odds.   So, even though the Nazis were a great threat for the good people in their area, innumerable such people refused to be afraid of Nazism,  and instead made an effort to help the Jews.   The Church refused to bow to Nazi dictatorship to boot.   I believe this is a victory for religion, even if the Jews were being persecuted because of their religion alone.   Indeed, my faith in the power of religion as well as good over evil has been strengthened through these readings.      

An Officer and a Gentleman essays

An Officer and a Gentleman essays An Officer and a Gentleman was made in 1982. It stars Richard Gere as Zack Mayo, Debra Winger as Paula Pokrifki, and Louis Gossett, Jr. as Sgt. Emil Foley. I think that the cast is amazing. Louis Gosset, Jr. won best supporting actor for his role, and Debra Winger was nominated for best supporting actress for hers. I think that this movie was a good jumping off point for Richard Gere, his work in this movie was great. I think that it was a great movie for its time. It definitely couldnt be done now because we are too caught up with special effects. I am a hopeless romantic, so for me this movie stands out for its romantic qualities more than anything else. I think that the reason An Officer and a Gentleman will be one of those movies that will last forever is because a good story will last forever and as long as there are hopeless romantics in the world, these types of stories will last for all time. Zack Mayo is the unwanted son of a sailor father (also an alcoholic and womanizer). Mayo has had it less than fair; his mother killed herself when he was just a boy. He was then sent to live with his father in the Philippine Islands on top of a brothel. After graduating from college Mayo decides to join the Naval Officer Candidate School (despite his fathers mockery) to be a jet pilot. When he joins he is a loner; he cares only about himself. He has no friends, no girlfriend and feels that he can do everything by himself. His drill instructor Sgt. Emil Foley shows him that he lacks character. Through a couple of their encounters Mayo realizes that Sgt. Foley is right and begins to change himself. It is not only Sgt. Foley that helps him discover himself. Throughout the thirteen-week training he becomes good friends with his bunkmate, Sid (David Keith), and falls in love with a local girl, Paula. Sid and Paula also have valuable life lessons to teach Mayo. He and Sgt. Foley have a moment at the en...

Instructional Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Instructional Leadership - Essay Example In contemporary perspective, the definition of instructional leadership includes classic analysis of professional development by putting a special emphasis on the usage of data in order to make decisions (King, 2002). Focus on the implication has significantly been shifted from teaching to learning, hence few researchers prefer to define it as 'learning leader' over 'instructional leader' (DuFour, 2002). This paper aims at defining the role of principal as an instructional leader in school setting. At the onset of the revolution of instructional leadership it was primarily principal-centred, often associated with images of epic leaders who by himself could put the school on track. Many researchers documented principals as the 'principle learning officer' who holds the absolute liability for accomplishment or failure of a system in question (Bottoms & O'Neill, 2001). School principals are being to focus their efforts on the core business of schooling on the basis of teaching and learning. Instructional leadership, in consideration of the wider array of formal as well as informal leadership roles, is not only confined to the activity of principal, leading to the central role in moving the prominence of school activity more unswervingly on instructional enhancements, in turn, directed towards improvement in student learning process and performance. An efficient instructional leadership involves in curricular and instructional concerns in an intensified fashion that unswervingly influence student accomplishment (Cotton, 2003). This is aligned with the studies conducted by various researchers, additionally confirming the extension of the significance of the role beyond the scope of the school principal in practice by involving other leaders as well (King, 2002; Elmore, 2000; Spillane, Halverson, and Diamond, 2000). The instructional leadership includes the responsibility to prioritize, align, assess, monitor and learn in order to accomplish student outcomes. Role of Principals as an Instructional Leader Several researchers confirmed that principals who put special emphasis on academics as a priority experience may lead to an increase in student accomplishment (Bartell, 1990; Cotton, 2000; Johnson & Asera, 1999; Short & Spencer, 1990). Principals typically reserve sufficient freedom in establishing priorities within the school setting. By keeping the instructional improvement at the top level priority, principals can essentially organize the major concerns to be addressed appropriately such as primary grade reading instructions. Principals must communicate upon teachers the significance of alignment of curriculum, assessment and instruction to the standard by virtue of guiding the teachers to employ effective alignment practices. While considering the assessment aspect, it can be mentioned that administration, scoring, reporting as well as perfect usage of analytical information can be put under significant consideration by the school leader as central to the enhanced student accompl ishment. This is principal's job to analyze the information in order to administer decisions regarding policy, programs, as well as professional development. Monitoring or consistent observation is one of the central responsibilities of a principal. Once the

Management 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management 2 - Essay Example The Chairman outlines the activities and financial conditions of the firm in the previous year followed by his/her discussion on hopes and future plans for the firm. In this part of the annual report, the Chairman attempts to explain why the company’s operations resulted in the results mentioned and why it chooses to advance with new projects or policies. In a nutshell, the statement or report is mainly a promise or explanation for company activities by the Chairman and its Board of Directors to the stockholders. However, the questions are: Why do they need the reports? What do the stockholders do with them? And more importantly, what do they do to deserve an explanation? To answer these questions, one has to firstly understand the concept of stockholder’s equity. When an individual goes to the market and buys stocks, he/she basically buys ownership! A corporation is basically a public-owned enterprise. By declaring itself a corporation, the company or enterprise is selling itself to the public. This is done by the company to essentially generate more money and finances. When it becomes a corporation, the company is actually giving the stockholders a right or privilege to vote for the Board of Directors. The elected Board of Directors is then responsible to make decisions about the company and see where and how the company can maximize the profits. The stockholders then gain from the profits. The stockholders do not directly earn the profit but are given dividends instead. These dividends are paid annually, every year except when the company is going in loss to an extent that it even fails to pay back the liabilities it has borrowed. At such times, the liabilities are preferred and paid first and the remaining is given as dividends to the stockholders. To further understand the relationship between the company and the stockholders, Walt Disney Corporation will be used as a case for analysis and descriptive explanation. But, before

Word-of-Mouth to Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Word-of-Mouth to Marketing - Essay Example Today word-of-mouth marketing includes several categories of communication such as buzz, blogs, and viral marketing where Internet communities and other interactive social media are utilised for word-of-mouth marketing. Influencer marketing is another form of word-of-mouth marketing wherein personalities who are believed to be highly influential over the target audience are made use of for promotion of products and services. Word-of-mouth marketing has gained a great deal of importance as a marketing technique due to its effectiveness, which in turn is due to its credibility. This is because word-of-mouth communication is considered to be honest and without any selfish motive. This credibility is what is made use of by marketers who use the technique of the word of mouth. People usually ask other people like their friends, family, colleagues and others, whom they trust, when they decide to purchase something and before they begin to look for what brand or label to buy. Word-of-mouth marketing is actually "giving people a reason to talk about your stuff, and making it easier for that conversation to take place" (Sernovitz, 2006, p.3). As simply put by Sernovitz (2006, p.3), "it is everything you can do to get people talking." People are more often than not buying a product not in response to the marketing campaigns of the product, but in response to what other people may be talking about the product. Research shows that people gather information from marketing materials and then talk the products over with their friends, family or other close associates. Then they make a decision about buying the product in response to what others say about the product (Silverman, 2001, p.6). Hence marketers have realized that the best way to increase sales of their products is by getting the customers to sell them. Word-of-mouth communication is now the focal point of marketing and the most effective method for sales promotion. Another factor that increases the significance of the word of mouth is that we are now in the information age where we are overwhelmed with more information than we can handle. This, in addition to busy schedules, leaves no time for extensive research, investigation and deliberation. Hence traditional advertising is on the decline and the word of mouth has become a necessary time saver (Silverman, 2001, p.10). Impact of the word of mouth in marketing There are several factors that render the word of mouth very powerful and effective. The most significant factor is that the word-of-mouth communication can be very influential and can persuade a prospective buyer to buy a product. Another factor is that the word of mouth communication is based on personal experience and therefore the possibility of expected result is very high. The independent nature of the word-of-mouth communication makes it more credible. Besides, while word-of-mouth communication is custom-made, relevant and complete, it is self-generating and self-breeding, growing exponentially and sometimes explosively (Silverman, 2001, p.37). It has unlimited speed and scope, and is "very inexpensive to stimulate, amplify and sustain" (Silverman, 2001, p.37). Word-of-mouth co

Organizational Theory Final Paper Essay Example for Free

Organizational Theory Final Paper Essay Due to the recent and anticipated changes the U.S. government has made and continues to make in procedures regarding contract awards, as well as external market pressures from the economic downturn, I submit this proposal as a new approach to the existing organizational structure. Because talent and loyalty are at such a high premium in today’s workforce, I submit that the workforce be modified structurally rather than a full-scale reduction. This economic crisis will not last long and our current reaction and decisions will determine our longevity in the market. So the main objective of this restructure will be to make the best and most beneficial use of our employees that are committed to moving forward and to continue to build goodwill with our employees, shareholders, customers and suppliers. Changes in technology are not an issue for this particular proposal. The very nature of this company enhances flexibility in technological changes and even spear-heads changes in some aspects of industry. There may be mild behavior changes needed, but only to coincide with structural changes. The structural changes should prove to be positively accepted, as underutilization and overutilization issues should be resolved. The outcomes expected are: * reduced costs by realigning talent to appropriate duties * redefining merits for bonuses and certain benefits * offering more flexible working conditions for higher performance * creating diverse teams based on goals and projects * redesign Marketing division, re-evaluate goals, re-evaluate performance Forces Driving Change: * Characteristics of workforce have changed * The organizational structure of this company embraces military-like order. Modification of this approach is needed to empower team structure and welcome more civilian business approaches as â€Å"staff and middle management are better networked, more mobile, and smarter about their value and their options in the market.† (PWC) * Labor supply has changed * Much of the upper management and specialized employees are retired military, bringing them closer to a second retirement. While current conditions have delayed this trend it still exists. Competing companies aggressively recruit educated and experienced managers and industry specialists so we must create conditions that will foster satisfaction and loyalty. * Government contract allocation procedures have changed * More attention and emphasis must be put on other areas of the company’s businesses for wealth building. Government contracting has adjusted rates and opened the door for smaller companies to compete for Defense and Aerospace teaming contracts. * Economic downturns have caused readjustments in businesses and education * The Business Services company needs to update and integrate new business-to-business consulting approaches, enhancing and adding to our strict Six Sigma training. * The Advanced Visualization Solutions division needs to develop their products to serve beyond educational facilities, as most facilities are not currently able to invest in state-of-the-art technology. These products need to be streamlined to bring the cost of production and cost to customers down. * The Construction Company needs to focus on developing more domestic business. The international projects need to be managed by on-site managers via patriots or expatriate assignments. This will reduce expensive unplanned international travel as well as build goodwill with the natives of the country the project is based in. * The Marketing/Communications division has become obsolete, using old approaches of only upgrading the company website and only attending industry exhibitions and conferences. Marketing has become isolated from the energy that exists in the whole of the company, not working cooperatively or creatively with each subsidiary company. This is possibly due to absence of the sense of meaningfulness in the managers, thus lack of motivation. * The Core Divisions need more cohesion in their performance. Due to the overlap of duties between HR, Contracting and Accounting, there must be less antagonism and more cooperation between the managers. The executives rely on authoritarian leadership and â€Å"job-scare† tactics to motivate operations of these departments, thus the managers isolate themselves into their own responsibilities by not sharing information or working as cohesive teams to resolve challenges. Obviously, most of these problems have their origin in the culture that has been created in the company. While there are a few who remain loyal to the mission statement of the company and endeavor to sustain a family-like atmosphere, most managers and employees have become dissatisfied with not only the culture but with their own sense of meaning within the company. Thus, the owners and executives must be the first to revisit the mission statement and goals first set forth by the owners, create a more cohesive and safe culture and implement their own change of perspective. â€Å"Far too often, leaders ask everyone else to change, but in reality this usually isn’t possible until they first change themselves†. (De Smet, et al) One of the strengths to having retired military personnel in leadership and production is their ability to follow orders and to learn quickly. Most of their experience in military life was often being given an order (goal) and some of the necessary resources (most of the time), but little knowledge on how to execute it. Much of our nation’s greatest technology has come from such situations. For example, John Shergill itemized 10 American technological advances accomplished during wartime. One of the most outstanding was the development of a virtual environment, or the internet. â€Å"Conceived and designed in the late 1970’s during the height of the cold war as a defense against nuclear war. The thought was that if vital government information could be stored in a virtual environment, it would be impossible to take out communications at one location. The effect of this advancement is obvious to anyone reading this†. (Shergill) Necessity being the mother of invention was also observable when a young officer was given command over the technology department where he was deployed. Not only was the technology obsolete, but he had no idea how a computer worked. His order was to update and repair the system. Period. He quickly learned and implemented all he could and was successful in not only updating but enhancing new technology for that particular base. Today, as a retired Navy colonel, he is a professor of Networking, computer software and hardware at an outstanding US college. So the ingenuity and problem solving skills that exists within the retired military community is priceless, but their instinctive command-and-control leadership styles have become outdated and ineffective in a civilian business world, especially with civilian employees. Six Sigma approaches have been attractive to the Business Solutions department because it continues to embrace the command-and-control management skills; focusing on optimal production and very little on optimizing producers. Therefore I propose comprehensive and all-inclusive leadership-development training. I understand this may be especially opposed by our Business Services division, as these instructors consider themselves experts in the field of leadership. But it is vital that leaders stay ahead of trends in leadership especially if they train other leaders. Their expertise in traditional instruction of management mixed with the evolving principles will not only enhance, but possibly lead to more forward thinking and new approaches as they implement them. Again, it would be quite in character for the retired military leaders to take what they learn in this area and create even more valuable tactics and approaches that will enrich business leaders the world over. Thus creating a new benchmark for our company and creating a new competitive edge. In the April 2012 online edition of McKinsey Quarterly, three experts in the field of leadership training wrote of their findings in making leadership training the heart of large organizational change. The authors described the situation of one global company as â€Å"While the need for operational change was clear—the performance of the company†¦was inconsistent and in many cases far below that of competitors in terms of efficiency, productivity, and cost—so too were the organizational obstacles. Drives for improvement, for example, carried a stigma of incompetence; current performance was considered â€Å"good enough†; conflict tended to be passive-aggressive or was avoided entirely; and†¦employees felt that they were treated as cogs and that their supervisors were enforcers. The effect of all this on employees was disengagement, a lack of trust in senior management, and a pervasive fear of making mistakes—a worry reinforced by the company’s strong culture of safety and of risk aversion†¦ (So) the senior team had to look beyond technical improvements and focus on helping the company’s leaders to master the personal behavioral changes needed to support the operational ones. To that end, the company mounted an intense, immersive, and individualized leadership program† (De Smet, et al). The authors note that the program took four months for each participant, and included two week-long training programs and ongoing coaching to integrate what they learn with their work experiences. In the span of three years the return on investment in the participants has been tenfold for each leader. The program has increased the company’s income by almost $2 million, and the new leadership behavior has been crucial to the company’s success and is believed to have made the total organizational changes that were made more effective. So the development program I suggest needs to include: * Integrating leadership training with a BHG (big hairy goal). Without personalizing training it will be ineffective. Without an obtainable and desirable goal training will be a waste of time and effort. * Recognize the strengths and successes our company has and build on them. Bring in our strongest and most dedicated leaders (not necessarily formal managers) and train them in how to skillfully influence change by engaging everyone involved in the organization. These leaders may need to be considered as new or replacing current ineffective management or at the very least as team/discussion leaders. They are the bridge between corporate office and employee satisfaction. Use our Company Philosophy, found in our Employee Handbook, to employ our Core Competencies to realize our Vision Statement. * Any change in our organization must be based on honesty. Every employee of our company possesses, or at one time possessed, an expectation of good from us. Being a part of this organization was highly esteemed in the community and upon hiring, the employees felt important and distinct in their field because of our decision to employ. After being employed for about 3 years, the most common feature of the dissatisfaction that begins to set in is the irregular dispersion of information and a feeling that Corporate is not being honest or forthright with them. While this may be a military â€Å"need-to-know† approach to employee management, it is no longer efficient, as our employees are no longer military and they expect inclusion. The â€Å"leaks† and rumors that circulate on all of our job-sites and offices are much more damaging than the truth given from a trusted leader could ever be. * Common language and vocabulary used by leaders must be adopted. The language of a common vision is powerful, so leaders must be allowed to emerge and reassigned to influence the entire company. Success is contagious so the empowered managers will be able to empower employees. * Evaluate managers’ skills and interests and place them in the appropriate department. Technology can be learned, but it won’t be learned by a dissatisfied manager. * Modify benefits. Currently all employees derive their motivation from our bonus plan. Employees have been willing to accept the absence of sick leave, the infrequency of pay raises, and the absence of certain benefits in favor of expecting the year-end bonus. The Employee Handbook indicates that bonuses are â€Å"discretionary profit-sharing and performance-based rewards provided to employees base on a review of the factors previously mentioned in addition to management’s recommendations† (Our Company Handbook, pg. 11). It should be noted that every employee has different needs and motivations for working with us. We should modify our benefit offering by allowing them to make the decision of whether they would rather have a raise, receive a bonus or an enhancement to their provided benefits. * Subsidiary companies’ Business Development departments and company-wide Marketing/Communications must begin to work more cooperatively, beginning with information sharing and frequent interaction. Up to this point, these two departments have functioned exclusively of the other, relying only on each other for necessary information or for marketing tools for conventions/meetings. While BD has relied heavily on personal contacts networks, it must begin to utilize the principals and power of marketing. Marketing/Communications must begin to pursue the good of each BD department to enhance their efforts. The commitment to the structural changes, development of leaders and employee happiness must begin with the owners. It must also be an ongoing commitment, as sporadic attempts will only reinforce skepticism and heighten dissatisfaction. Leadership training must become a systemic process, not an event (Day, pg 8).